Defence debates tend to focus on firepower. But the most destabilising risks may come from something far harder to quantify: the fraying of social trust, the manipulation of truth, and the erosion of the middle class.

From biological markers to power structures, many variables shape how we understand the rhythm of societal change.

Across history, patterns of rise and fall, peace and war, innovation and decline seem to unfold in rhythms - some as short as a decade, others stretching over a century. Are there five, six, or even more distinct lengths to these societal cycles?

Complexity Theory as a Framework for Understanding Societal Transformation

What can generational theories tell us about this shift?

Human life expectancy is on the rise. Whereas the average person born in 1960 could expect to live to 52.5 years of age, someone born today has an average life expectancy between 79 and 83 years of age. The question many of us ask is: how far can we push the boundaries of our human lifespan?

According to Wikipedia, it refers to a negative and unpleasant emotional response to isolation. Often cascading into other psychological and physical problems, loneliness is not a light matter. And while it has been an issue for many millennia, we must ask ourselves: Are we becoming lonelier in the 21st century?